键盘上的符号发音

~
tilde (sounds like til-da); be prepared to explain to computer-illiterate people saying "you know, the wave-shaped thingy"

!
exclamation; commonly read as bang in case of #!/bin/sh

@
at

#
pound; but commonly read as shee in case of #!/bin/sh, not sure why

$
dollar

%
percent

^
caret; not many people know this word so be prepared to say "no, not carrot; it's the character above 6, an arrow pointing up"

&
ampersand

*
star; some read asterisk

(
opening parenthesis (some may shorten it saying paren)

)
closing parenthesis

_
underscore; once I heard people say underbar

+
plus

-
minus; as symbol before arguments in commands, some people including me read dash, easier to say one syllable

=
equals

`
backtick or backquote

{
opening brace

}
closing brace

[
opening bracket

]
closing bracket

|
pipe or vertical bar

\
backslash; be prepared to explain to some computer-illiterate people

:
colon

;
semicolon

"
double quote

'
single quote

<
less than; some may read left angle bracket

>
greater than

,
comma

.
dot; period if in English text

?
question mark

/
slash or forward slash; some computer-illiterate people may be confused about / and \

space

(), [] and {}
may also be called brackets in general. In that case, they specifically call [] square brackets and {} curly brackets. I never like this. Open and Closing may also be called left and right.